Psychology of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Psychology of Sport & Exercise Psychology
Monty P.Satiadarma | Faculty of Psychology, University of Tarumanagara JakartaAlthough Weinberg and Gould (1995) gives a similar view on the psychology of sport and exercise psychology (exercise psychology), because a lot of similarities in approaches, several other researchers (Anshel, 1997; Seraganian, 1993; Willis & Campbell, 1992) are more explicit distinguish the exercise psychology sport psychology. Weinberg and Gould (1995) suggested that the psychology of sport and exercise psychology has two basic objectives:learn how psychological factors affect individual physical performanceunderstanding how participation in sport and exercise affect individual development, including health and welfare of his lifeIn addition, they argue that sports psychology is specifically directed to:assist professionals in helping athletes achieve peak starhelp children, people with disabilities and older people to live fitterexamine the psychological factors in exercise activities andutilize the training activity as a therapeutic tool, for example for the treatment of depression (Weinberg & Gould, 1995).Although the difference is not clear, Weiberg and Gould (1995) have attempted to explain that sports psychology is not the same as exercise psychology. But in practice it usually does happen complementary, and the relation of the so tightly that it becomes difficult to separate. But Seraganian (1993) and Willis and Campbell (1992) argued more forcefully that traditional sport psychology research and practice focused on psychophysiological relationships such as somatic responsiveness affects cognition, emotion and performance. While exercise psychology focused on cognitive aspects, situational and psychophysiological that influence the behavior of the perpetrator, not assessing an athlete's sports performance. The topics in psychology such exercises include the effects of physical activity on emotional actor and a tendency (disposition) psychology, reasons to participate or stop the exercise activities, personal changes as a result of improvements in upper body exercise results and others (Anshel, 1997).It is clear now that sports psychology is directed that the perpetrators prestatif ability to be competitive, that is, actors exercise, particularly athletes, directing its activities to achieve a particular sport to compete, for example, to win. While psychology laithan more focused on efforts to discuss issues impact exercise activity to private life the culprit. In other words, sports psychology more focused on the social aspects of being a rival, while the exercise psychology more focused on individual aspects of the effort to improve the welfare of psychophysical culprit.Nevertheless, these two areas are so difficult to be separated, because the individual is in a social context and social formed by the individuals. In addition, both of these areas involves psychophysical aspects of activity similar to the activity, and perhaps just a different intensity, just because of the competition factor in sports.History of Sport Psychology in IndonesiaSo, on the one hand a practitioner licensed psychologist who practices do not necessarily have enough knowledge of sports science, on the other hand, experts are not equipped with the special education sports psychotherapy and counseling. Consequently, until now there is still confusion about who actually has the right to provide social services in the field of sport psychology. Ideally, a consultant or a psychotherapist getting special training in the field of sports; thus as a practitioner he remained on the ground professinya by following ethical guidelines in force, and in addition it is also sufficient to support knowledge keolahragaannya formal education background.In an attempt to overcome this problem IPO as a national sport psychology association is working to make provision duties and responsibilities of its members. In addition, the IPO also working to arrange additional curriculum for psychologists certification programs for practitioners who want to provide social services in the field of sport psychology. The curriculum is a form of exercise psychology specialization include: 1) The principle of sport psychology, 2) Improved performance in sport, 3) applied sport psychology, 4) Psychology gymnastics.Another problem often arises in the handling aspects of sports psychology is to determine the main client. For instance, psychologists service users can be an athlete, coach, or administrator. To whom psychologists should provide primary care in the event of such a gap between the athletes and officials, but a psychologist hired by the board to deal with athletes, and athletes at the time was the psychology service users. On the one hand, psychologists need to maintain the confidentiality of athletes, on the other hand, the board may be urged psychologists to describe the personality of athletes publicly for the sake of the organization. Sachs (1993) offers a variety of possibilities, such as implementing a written agreement to provide information, and yet, if the athletes know that private organizations will be taken into consideration, it may tend to behave defensively, making an attempt to obtain information about him will fail. Therefore, a psychologist should be able to act wisely in dealing with this issue, as well, should a coach who often act as consultants to athletes often must be able to consideration for a similar tackle.
Athletes, Coaches, & EnvironmentAthletes, coaches and the environment are three aspects are related to each other in discussing the psychology of sport and exercise psychology. The term is not limited to the individual athlete who works as a sportsman, but also generally includes individuals who participate in sports. Coaches must be distinguished from mere instructors, as coaches not only teach athletes how to perform certain exercise movements, but also educate athletes to provide the appropriate response in behavior inside and outside the gym. The environment is not limited to purely physical environment but also the social environment, including living environment where athletes live.Athletes, coaches and the environment are the three aspects that constitute a unity that determines athletic performance. Atlethic term performance rather difficult to translate because it is a specific term that can not be equated with such behavior means athletic.
AthleteAn athlete is an individual who is unique. He has a flair of its own, distinctive patterns of behavior and personality and background specifically affecting life in him. Although in some sports athletes have to do it in groups or teams, considering that an athlete as a unique individual who needs to be fixed premises. Because, for example, in a team sport, individual adaptive ability to perform teamwork crucial role later in the group.Sesuatui is impossible to generalize the ability of athletes to each other, because each individual has a talent of each. Talents of the individual athlete is the one who truly deserves to be special attention so that it can exploit its potential to the maximum available.However, the uniqueness of the individual is often misdiagnosed as an athlete misbehavior (Anshel, 1997). For example, tennis player John McEnroe used to rouse angry behavior. But for those who do not understand this have a tendency to assume McEnroe temper. The problem is likely to disrupt the opponent's angry behavior tandingnya so it is perceived as something less sporty to bring down an enemy tandingnya. Similarly, Monica Seles Groans are often reprimanded for hitting the ball hard at the time, but actually it was a unique behavior, and the absence of specific rules to prohibit it, Seles did not actually commit any offense. It is also mistakenly assume that every athlete needs input from the coach on the eve of the match. Because there are more athletes cendeung prefer to be alone than accompanied by others. So, every athlete has the characteristic of each, and can not be done leveling in approaching athletes. Things like this is what needs to be understood by the coaches in developing his athletes. Unique because it is they who enable them to achieve peak. While they are classified as "normal" is just a proven record of normal (ordinary) alone.
 CoachCoach, as mentioned above, is not just a gym instructor tells athletes ways to perform certain movements dala sports. Coach is also a role model, teacher, counselor, educator, leader, and would even be a figure model for athletes. Coaches themselves are also likely to imitate another coach or trainer who trains her senior. There is an alien who say "monkey see, monkey do", meaning what they see, that's what worked.